The number of refugees and displaced people worldwide has
been rising for a decade, and the climate emergency is set to drive more
displacement in the years ahead. Access to energy is a key challenge faced by
those forced to flee their homes. But this crucial issue is often on the sidelines of the world’s response to the refugee
crisis.
That’s why we have launched our first humanitarian energy
award – honouring work that provides electricity from renewable sources, safer
cooking and improved energy efficiency in humanitarian settings – We are keen to
find partnerships that can deliver ambitious, high-impact support for refugees,
drawing on the effort and knowledge of refugees themselves.
More than 131 million people across the world need
humanitarian support, and roughly half of these have been forced to flee their
homes in search of safety. Most do not end up in rich nations – they stay in
their own country or others nearby, which are often unstable and rarely
wealthy.
Experts Glada Lahn and Mattia Vianello report
that about 80% of people living in refugee camps have minimal access to
energy for cooking and heating, and about 90% have no access to electricity.
Life without reliable energy brings particular problems for displaced
people. It stops them making phone contact with missing loved ones, and forces
people – mainly women and girls – to search outside the camp for firewood. Doing
so puts them more at risk of sexual violence, increases deforestation and can pit
refugees against local people in a struggle for scarce resources.
Despite huge efforts by some staff, humanitarian agencies
are rarely able to make energy a priority. Unlike other important issues such
as shelter, food or education, there is rarely an appointed lead organisation
for energy in any particular camp. And across the sector, there is little
energy expertise or sharing of data and knowledge.
Funding issues block progress
Funding for work helping refugees is extremely scarce. And for
political reasons their presence is often treated as a short-term problem by those
in power – despite the fact that refugee camps often become settled
communities. The Dadaab Refugee Complex in Kenya, home to more than 200,000
people, was established in 1991. Zaatari in Jordan, which supports about 80,000
refugees, was established in 2012.
This may be one reason why there is a particular shortage of
long term, multi-year funding to help refugees – the sort that helps great
projects prove their worth, grow and spread around the world-. And there are signs this problem is getting worse. A recent
report from the world’s leading refugee agency, the UN High Commission for
Refugees, said that in 2018 multi-year funding contributions fell from
16% to just 2%.
This issue can stop traditional humanitarian organisations –
the UN, charities and government agencies – connecting with partners who could
transform energy access for refugees. A microgrid developer, for example, might
need to sign a long-term contract for their work to be financially viable. But
if the money can’t be guaranteed over several years, the business case no
longer adds up.
We also want to uncover solutions that harness the
entrepreneurial power of refugees themselves. Too often, their abilities and knowledge
go to waste. In camps, chances to earn money are hard to come by – partly
because authorities are reluctant to let people build settled lives. But we
believe empowering people is at the heart of the humanitarian energy challenge.
So, we’re looking for solutions that help them gain skills and earn an income
by owning, running or maintaining services.
Well-designed projects and programmes can bring
a host of benefits. As well as creating new opportunities, the spread of
sustainable energy in refugee camps will displace polluting and dangerous
energy sources – such as open cooking fires and diesel generators. And,
ultimately, lower emissions will help limit climate change that forces more
people to flee for safety.
